AAA (American Automobile Association) Foundation for Traffic Safety. Prevalence of marijuana involvement in fatal crashes: Washington, 2010-2014. Washington, DC: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety; 2016.
AB InBev (Anheuser-Busch InBev). Global smart drinking goals. n.d. [December 6, 2017]. http://www
Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety. Have we forgotten what saves lives?: 2017 roadmap of state highway safety laws. Washington, DC: Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety; 2017.
Ames GM, Grube JW. Alcohol availability and workplace drinking: Mixed method analyses. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 1999;60(3):383–393. [PubMed: 10371267]
Anderson P, Rehm J. Evaluating alcohol industry action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2016;51(4):383–387. [PubMed: 26755639]
APIS (Alcohol Policy Information System). Retail sales: Beverage service training and related practices. 2016. [March 31, 2017]. https:
Aston ER, Liguori A. Self-estimation of blood alcohol concentration: A review. Addictive Behaviors. 2013;38(4):1944–1951. [PMC free article: PMC3592207] [PubMed: 23380489]
Babor T. Alcohol: No ordinary commodity: Research and public policy. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010a.
Babor T. Alcohol: No ordinary commodity—A summary of the second edition. Addiction. 2010b;105(5):769–779. [PubMed: 20331569]
Babor TF, Robaina K, Jernigan D. The influence of industry actions on the availability of alcoholic beverages in the African region. Addiction. 2015;110(4):561–571. [PubMed: 25510339]
Babor TF, Robaina K, Noel J. The role of the alcohol industry in policy interventions for alcohol-impaired driving. Paper commissioned by the Committee on Accelerating Progress to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities. 2018. (see Appendix C)
Baer JS, Stacy A, Larimer M. Biases in perception of drinking norms among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 1991;52(6):580–586. [PubMed: 1758185]
Beck LF, Downs J, Stevens MR, Sauber-Schatz EK. Rural and urban differences in passenger-vehicle-occupant deaths and seat belt use among adults—United States, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries. 2017;66(17):1–13. [PMC free article: PMC5829699] [PubMed: 28934184]
Beer Marketer's Insights. 2017 beer industry update. Suffern, NY: Beer Marketer's Insights; 2017.
Bergen G, Pitan A, Qu S, Shults RA, Chattopadhyay SK, Elder RW, Sleet DA, Coleman HL, Compton RP, Nichols JL, Clymer JM, Calvert WB. Publicized sobriety checkpoint programs: A community guide systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;46(5):529–539. [PubMed: 24745644]
Berger DE, Snortum JR. Alcoholic beverage preferences of drinking-driving violators. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 1985;46(3):232–239. [PubMed: 4010301]
Berning A, Compton R, Wochinger K. Results of the 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. DOT HS 812 118. [PubMed: 26918254]
Blincoe L, Miller TR, Zaloshnja E, Lawrence BA. The economic and societal impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2010 (revised). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. DOT HS 812 013.
Bond J, Greenfield TK, Kerr W. Variation in the relationship between alcohol beverage choice, risk perception, and self-reported drunk driving across the US states. Emeryville, CA: Alcohol Research Group; 2008. (unpublished)
Bouchery EE, Harwood HJ, Sacks JJ, Simon CJ, Brewer RD. Economic costs of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S., 2006. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2011;41(5):516–524. [PubMed: 22011424]
Breslow RA, Castle IP, Chen CM, Graubard BI. Trends in alcohol consumption among older Americans: National Health Interview Surveys, 1997 to 2014. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2017;41(5):976–986. [PMC free article: PMC5439499] [PubMed: 28340502]
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Motor vehicle crash deaths: How is the US doing? CDC Vital Signs. 2016. [August 7, 2017]. https://www
CDC. Fact sheets—Alcohol and caffeine. 2017a. [October 2, 2017]. https://www
CDC. Impaired driving: Get the facts. 2017b. [January 30, 2017]. https://www
Chavez PR, Nelson DE, Naimi TS, Brewer RD. Impact of a new gender-specific definition for binge drinking on prevalence estimates for women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2011;40(4):468–471. [PMC free article: PMC3090660] [PubMed: 21406282]
Chicago Board of Election Commissioners. Guideline for local option referenda. 2009. [August 10, 2017]. https:
Clarke TC, Norris T, Schiller JS. Early release of selected estimates based on data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2017.
Collins T, Vamplew W. Mud, sweat and beers: A cultural history of sport and alcohol, Global sport cultures. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic; 2011.
Compton RP, Berning A. Drug and alcohol crash risk. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015.
De Visser RO, Smith JA. Alcohol consumption and masculine identity among young men. Psychology and Health. 2007;22(5):595–614.
DiMaggio C, Wheeler-Martin K, Oliver J. Alcohol-impaired driving in the United States: Overview, review of data sources, and analyses. Paper commissioned by the Committee on Accelerating Progress to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities. 2018. (see Appendix A)
Dixon MA, Chartier KG. Alcohol use patterns among urban and rural residents: Demographic and social influences. Alcohol Research. 2016;38(1):69–77. [PMC free article: PMC4872615] [PubMed: 27159813]
DOJ (U.S. Department of Justice). Enforcing underage drinking laws program. 2009. [August 23, 2017]. https://www
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Flaxman AD, Ng M, Hansen GM, Murray CJ, Mokdad AH. Drinking patterns in US counties from 2002 to 2012. American Journal of Public Health. 2015;105(6):1120–1127. [PMC free article: PMC4431075] [PubMed: 25905846]
Esser MB, Hedden SL, Kanny D, Brewer RD, Gfroerer JC, Naimi TS. Prevalence of alcohol dependence among US adult drinkers, 2009-2011. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2014;11:E206. [PMC free article: PMC4241371] [PubMed: 25412029]
Esser MB, Bao J, Jernigan DH, Hyder AA. Evaluation of the evidence base for the alcohol industry's actions to reduce drink driving globally. American Journal of Public Health. 2016;106(4):707–713. [PMC free article: PMC4986059] [PubMed: 26890181]
Fell JC, Tippetts S, Voas R. Drinking characteristics of drivers arrested for driving while intoxicated in two police jurisdictions. Traffic Injury and Prevention. 2010;11(5):443–452. [PubMed: 20872298]
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). Annual vehicle distance traveled in miles and related data-2014. 2015. [October 31, 2017]. https://www
FHWA. Highway statistics 2015. Distribution of licensed drivers—2015. By sex and percentage in each age group and relation to population. 2016. [August 23, 2017]. https://www
FHWA. Highway statistics series. Highway statistics 2015. Licensed drivers, vehicle registrations, and resident population (in millions). 2017. [August 23, 2017]. https://www
Fisher DA. Content analysis of alcohol-impaired driving stories in the news. Paper commissioned by the Committee on Accelerating Progress to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities. 2018. (see Appendix B)
Flowers NT, Naimi TS, Brewer RD, Elder RW, Shults RA, Jiles R. Patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol-impaired driving in the United States. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research. 2008;32(4):639–644. [PubMed: 18341648]
FollowTheMoney.org. National Institute on Money in State Politics. n.d. [October 2, 2017]. https://www
Forster JL, Murray DM, Wolfson M, Wagenaar AC. Commercial availability of alcohol to young people: Results of alcohol purchase attempts. Preventive Medicine. 1995;24(4):342–347. [PubMed: 7479623]
Forward J, Akhurst J, Bruno R, Leong X, VanderNiet A, Bromfield H, Erny J, Bellamy T, Peacock A. Nature versus intensity of intoxication: Co-ingestion of alcohol and energy drinks and the effect on objective and subjective intoxication. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2017;180:292–303. [PubMed: 28942033]
Fosdick RB, Scott AL. Toward liquor control. New York: Harper and Brothers; 1933.
Foster SE, Vaughan RD, Foster WH, Califano JA Jr. Estimate of the commercial value of underage drinking and adult abusive and dependent drinking to the alcohol industry. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2006;160(5):473–478. [PubMed: 16651488]
FTC (Federal Trade Commission). Alcohol advertising. 2013. [September 20, 2017]. https://www
Gallup. Volume I: Findings, racial and ethnic group comparisons, National Survey of Drinking and Driving, June 2000, attitudes and behaviors—1993, 1995, 1997. DTNH22-96-c-05081. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2000.
Galvan FH, Caetano R. Alcohol use and related problems among ethnic minorities in the United States. Alcohol Research & Health. 2003;27(1):87–95. [PMC free article: PMC6676695] [PubMed: 15301403]
GHSA (Governors Highway Safety Association). Sobriety checkpoints. 2016. [March 31, 2017]. http://www
Gjerde H, Strand MC, Morland J. Driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs—An update. Part I: Epidemiological studies. Forensic Science Review. 2015;27(2):89–113. [PubMed: 26227253]
Goodwin A, Thomas L, Kirley B, Hall W, O'Brien N, Hill K. Countermeasures that work: A highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices, 8th ed. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. DOT HS 812 202.
Grant BF, Chou SP, Saha TD, Pickering RP, Kerridge BT, Ruan WJ, Huang B, Jung J, Zhang H, Fan A, Hasin DS. Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(9):911–923. [PMC free article: PMC5710229] [PubMed: 28793133]
Greenfield TK, Rogers JD. Alcoholic beverage choice, risk perception and self-reported drunk driving: Effects of measurement on risk analysis. Addiction. 1999;94(11):1735–1743. [PubMed: 10892011]
Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR. The relationship of the retail availability of alcohol and alcohol sales to alcohol-related traffic crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 1995;27(2):249–259. [PubMed: 7786392]
Gruenewald PJ, Stockwell T, Beel A, Dyskin EV. Beverage sales and drinking and driving: The role of on-premise drinking places. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 1999;60(1):47–53. [PubMed: 10096308]
Hadland SE, Xuan Z, Sarda V, Blanchette J, Swahn MH, Heeren TC, Voas RB, Naimi TS. Alcohol policies and alcohol-related motor vehicle crash fatalities among young people in the US. Pediatrics. 2017;139(3):e20163037. [PMC free article: PMC5330403] [PubMed: 28193794]
Harvard Law Review. Fresh pursuit from Indian country: Tribal authority to pursue suspects onto state land. Harvard Law Review. 2016;129(6):1685–1708.
Haughwout SP, Slater ME. Apparent per capita alcohol consumption: National, state, and regional trends, 1977-2015. Surveillance report 108. Arlington, VA: CSR, Inc., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2017.
Haughwout SP, LaVallee RA, Castle IJP. Apparent per capita alcohol consumption: National, state, and regional trends, 1977-2014. Surveillance report 104. Arlington, VA: CSR, Inc., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2016.
Hels T, Bernhoft IM, Lyckegaard A, Houwing S, Hagenzieker M, Legrand SA, Isalberti C, Van der Linden T, Verstraete A. Risk of injury by driving with alcohol and other drugs. Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines. Kongens Lyngby: Technical University of Denmark; 2011.
HHS and SAMHSA (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). September 2016 Report to Congress on the Prevention and Reduction of Underage Drinking. Washington, DC: Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Prevention of Underage Drinking; 2016. Chapter 3: A coordinated federal approach to preventing and reducing underage drinking.
Hingson RW, Zha W, White AM. Drinking beyond the binge threshold: Predictors, consequences, and changes in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2017;52(6):717–727. [PubMed: 28526355]
Huber H, Karlin R, Nathan PE. Blood alcohol level discrimination by nonalcoholics. The role of internal and external cues. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 1976;37(1):27–39. [PubMed: 2811]
Huckle T, Pledger M, Casswell S. Trends in alcohol-related harms and offences in a liberalized alcohol environment. Addiction. 2006;101(2):232–240. [PubMed: 16445552]
Huseth A. Alcohol-impaired driving: Common practices and performance. Fargo: Rural Transportation Safety and Security Center, Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University; 2012.
IIHS (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety). Urban/rural comparison. 2016. [October 31, 2017]. http://www
Impact Databank. The U.S. spirits market: Impact databank review and forecast, 2017th ed. New York: Shanken Communications; 2017a.
Impact Databank. The U.S. wine market: Impact databank review and forecast, 2017th ed. New York: Shanken Communications; 2017b.
Jang JB, Patrick ME, Keyes KM, Hamilton AD, Schulenberg JE. Frequent binge drinking among US adolescents, 1991 to 2015. Pediatrics. 2017;139(6):e20164023. [PMC free article: PMC5470505] [PubMed: 28562275]
Jernigan D, Noel J, Landon J, Thornton N, Lobstein T. Alcohol marketing and youth alcohol consumption: A systematic review of longitudinal studies published since 2008. Addiction. 2017;112(Suppl 1):7–20. [PubMed: 27565582]
Jewett A, Shults RA, Banerjee T, Bergen G. Alcohol-impaired driving among adults—United States, 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly. 2015;64(30):814–817. [PMC free article: PMC5779582] [PubMed: 26247434]
Jones L, Bates G, McCoy E, Bellis MA. Relationship between alcohol-attributable disease and socioeconomic status, and the role of alcohol consumption in this relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:400. [PMC free article: PMC4409704] [PubMed: 25928558]
Katikireddi SV, Whitley E, Lewsey J, Gray L, Leyland AH. Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm: Analysis of linked cohort data. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(6):e267–e276. [PMC free article: PMC5463030] [PubMed: 28626829]
Kelley-Baker T, Lacey JH, Voas RB, Romano E, Yao J, Berning A. Drinking and driving in the United States: Comparing results from the 2007 and 1996 national roadside surveys. Traffic Injury and Prevention. 2013;14(2):117–126. [PMC free article: PMC3821398] [PubMed: 23343019]
Kerr WC, Greenfield TK. Racial/ethnic disparities in the self-reported number of drinks in 2 hours before driving becomes impaired. American Journal of Public Health. 2015;105(7):1409–1414. [PMC free article: PMC4458165] [PubMed: 25602892]
Kerr WC, Stockwell T. Understanding standard drinks and drinking guidelines. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2012;31(2):200–205. [PMC free article: PMC3276704] [PubMed: 22050262]
Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Tujague J, Brown SE. A drink is a drink? Variation in the amount of alcohol contained in beer, wine and spirits drinks in a US methodological sample. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2005;29(11):2015–2021. [PubMed: 16340459]
Kerr WC, Greenfield TK, Midanik LT. How many drinks does it take you to feel drunk? Trends and predictors for subjective drunkenness. Addiction. 2006;101(10):1428–1437. [PubMed: 16968344]
Kerr WC, Patterson D, Koenen MA, Greenfield TK. Alcohol content variation of bar and restaurant drinks in northern California. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2008;32(9):1623–1629. [PMC free article: PMC2574782] [PubMed: 18616674]
Kerr WC, Patterson D, Greenfield TK, Jones AS, McGeary KA, Terza JV, Ruhm CJ. U.S. alcohol affordability and real tax rates, 1950-2011. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013a;44(5):459–464. [PMC free article: PMC3631317] [PubMed: 23597808]
Kerr WC, Patterson D, Greenfield TK. The blurring of alcohol categories. Alexandria, VA: National Alcohol Beverage Control Association; 2013b.
Keyes KM, Hasin DS. Socio-economic status and problem alcohol use: The positive relationship between income and the DSM-IV alcohol abuse diagnosis. Addiction. 2008;103(7):1120–1130. [PMC free article: PMC3859240] [PubMed: 18494841]
Keyes KM, Liu XC, Cerda M. The role of race/ethnicity in alcohol-attributable injury in the United States. Epidemiologic Reviews. 2012;34:89–102. [PMC free article: PMC3283099] [PubMed: 21930592]
King C 3rd, Siegel M, Ross CS, Jernigan DH. Alcohol advertising in magazines and underage readership: Are underage youth disproportionately exposed? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2017;41(10):1775–1782. [PMC free article: PMC5657605] [PubMed: 28905397]
Lalanne L, Lutz PE, Paille F. Acute impact of caffeinated alcoholic beverages on cognition: A systematic review. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2017;76:188–194. [PubMed: 28330787]
Landen M, Roeber J, Naimi T, Nielsen L, Sewell M. Alcohol-attributable mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999-2009. American Journal of Public Health. 2014;104(Suppl 3):S343–S349. [PMC free article: PMC4035890] [PubMed: 24754661]
Lansky D, Nathan PE, Ersner-Hershfield SM, Lipscomb TR. Blood alcohol level discrimination: Pre-training monitoring accuracy of alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Addictive Behaviors. 1978;3(3-4):209–214. [PubMed: 735907]
Lapham SC, C'de Baca J, McMillan G, Hunt WC. Accuracy of alcohol diagnosis among DWI offenders referred for screening. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004;76(2):135–141. [PubMed: 15488337]
Lapham SC, Stout R, Laxton G, Skipper BJ. Persistence of addictive disorders in a first-offender driving while impaired population. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2011;68(11):1151–1157. [PMC free article: PMC3210885] [PubMed: 21727248]
Laude JR, Fillmore MT. Drivers who self-estimate lower blood alcohol concentrations are riskier drivers after drinking. Psychopharmacology. 2016;233(8):1387–1394. [PMC free article: PMC4814299] [PubMed: 26861796]
LaVallee RA, Kim T, Yi HY. Apparent per capita alcohol consumption: National, state, and regional trends, 1977-2012. Surveillance report 98. Arlington, VA: CSR, Inc., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2014.
Letourneau RJ, Crump CE. Tribal motor vehicle injury preventions (TMVIP) best practices guide 2016. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016.
Lipari RN, Hughes A, Bose J. Driving under the influence of alcohol and illicit drugs. The CBHSQ report: December 27, 2016. Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2016.
Lobstein T, Landon J, Thornton N, Jernigan D. The commercial use of digital media to market alcohol products: A narrative review. Addiction. 2017;112(Suppl 1):21–27. [PubMed: 27327239]
Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Welch V, Tugwell P. What types of interventions generate inequalities? Evidence from systematic reviews. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2013;67(2):190–193. [PubMed: 22875078]
Luoma J, Sivak M. Why is road safety in the U.S. not on par with Sweden, the U.K., and the Netherlands? Lessons to be learned. European Transport Research Review. 2014;6(3):295–302.
Martens MP, Page JC, Mowry ES, Damann KM, Taylor KK, Cimini MD. Differences between actual and perceived student norms: An examination of alcohol use, drug use, and sexual behavior. Journal of American College Health. 2006;54(5):295–300. [PubMed: 16539222]
Martin TL, Solbeck PA, Mayers DJ, Langille RM, Buczek Y, Pelletier MR. A review of alcohol-impaired driving: The role of blood alcohol concentration and complexity of the driving task. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2013;58(5):1238–1250. [PubMed: 23879433]
Mattson J. Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute. Small Urban and Rural Transit Center. Rural transit fact book 2016. Fargo: North Dakota State University; 2016.
McKetin R, Coen A, Kaye S. A comprehensive review of the effects of mixing caffeinated energy drinks with alcohol. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2015;151:15–30. [PubMed: 25861944]
Michael J. Powerpoint presentation to the Committee on Accelerating Progress to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities in Washington, DC, February 16, 2017. 2017. [September 26, 2017]. http://www
Mintel. The craft effect: One in four beers launched globally in 2014 was high strength. 2015. [December 6, 2017]. http://www
Mulia N, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Witbrodt J, Bond J, Williams E, Zemore SE. Racial/ethnic differences in 30-year trajectories of heavy drinking in a nationally representative US sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2017;170:133–141. [PMC free article: PMC5270645] [PubMed: 27889594]
Naimi TS, Nelson DE, Brewer RD. Driving after binge drinking. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2009;37(4):314–320. [PubMed: 19765503]
Naimi TS, Blanchette J, Nelson TF, Nguyen T, Oussayef N, Heeren TC, Gruenewald P, Mosher J, Xuan Z. A new scale of the U.S. alcohol policy environment and its relationship to binge drinking. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;46(1):10–16. [PMC free article: PMC3878154] [PubMed: 24355666]
Naimi TS, Xuan Z, Sarda V, Hadland S, Lira M, Heeren T, Voas R, Swahn MH. Alcohol policies and alcohol-related motor vehicle crash fatalities among U.S. adults; Paper presented at 43rd Annual Alcohol Epidemiology Symposium of the Kettil Bruun Society; Sheffield, England. 2017.
NASADAD (National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors). NASADAD. priority programs within the Department of Justice (DOJ). 2016 [August 23, 2017]; http://nasadad
NCSA (National Center for Statistics and Analysis). Alcohol-impaired driving: 2014 data. Traffic Safety Facts. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2015. DOT HS 812 231.
NCSA. Alcohol-impaired driving: 2015 data. Traffic Safety Facts. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2016a. Report No. DOT HS 812 350.
NCSA. 2015 motor vehicle crashes: Overview. Traffic Safety Facts. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2016b. Report No. DOH HS 812 318.
NCSA. Rural/urban comparison: 2014 data. Traffic Safety Facts. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2016c. Report No. DOT HS 812 301.
NCSA. 2016 fatal motor vehicle crashes: Overview. Traffic Safety Facts Research Note. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2017a. Report No. DOT HS 812 456.
NCSA. Alcohol-impaired driving: 2016 data. Traffic Safety Facts. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2017b. Report No. DOT HS 812 450.
Nelson TF, Xuan Z, Babor TF, Brewer RD, Chaloupka FJ, Gruenewald PJ, Holder H, Klitzner M, Mosher JF, Ramirez RL, Reynolds R, Toomey TL, Churchill V, Naimi TS. Efficacy and the strength of evidence of U.S. alcohol control policies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;45(1):19–28. [PMC free article: PMC3708657] [PubMed: 23790985]
NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), GHSA, and Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. Impact of the legalization and decriminalization of marijuana on the DWI system: Highlights from the expert panel meeting. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2017.
O'Brien MC, McCoy TP, Rhodes SD, Wagoner A, Wolfson M. Caffeinated cocktails: Energy drink consumption, high-risk drinking, and alcohol-related consequences among college students. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2008;15(5):453–460. [PubMed: 18439201]
O'Donnell MA. Research on drinking locations of alcohol-impaired drivers: Implications for prevention policies. Journal of Public Health Policy. 1985;6(4):510–525. [PubMed: 3912407]
O'Neill B, Kyrychenko SY. Use and misuse of motor-vehicle crash death rates in assessing highway-safety performance. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2006;7(4):307–318. [PubMed: 17114086]
OpenSecrets.org. Beer, wine, and liquor: Industry profile: Summary, 2016. n.d. [October 2, 2017]. http://www
Pantani D, Peltzer R, Cremonte M, Robaina K, Babor T, Pinsky I. The marketing potential of corporate social responsibility activities: The case of the alcohol industry in Latin America and the Caribbean. Addiction. 2017;112(Suppl 1):74–80. [PubMed: 27661467]
Patrick ME, Schulenberg JE, Martz ME, Maggs JL, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD. Extreme binge drinking among 12th-grade students in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. JAMA Pediatrics. 2013;167(11):1019–1025. [PMC free article: PMC3818300] [PubMed: 24042318]
Perkins HW, Haines MP, Rice R. Misperceiving the college drinking norm and related problems: A nationwide study of exposure to prevention information, perceived norms and student alcohol misuse. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2005;66(4):470–478. [PubMed: 16240554]
Piontkowski SR, Peabody JS, Reede C, Velascosoltero J, Tsatoke G, Shelhamer T, Hicks KR. Reducing motor vehicle-related injuries at an Arizona Indian reservation: Ten years of application of evidence-based strategies. Global Health: Science and Practice. 2015;3(4):619–629. [PMC free article: PMC4682586] [PubMed: 26681708]
Probst C, Roerecke M, Behrendt S, Rehm J. Socioeconomic differences in alcohol-attributable mortality compared with all-cause mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2014;43(4):1314–1327. [PMC free article: PMC4258771] [PubMed: 24618188]
Quinlan KP, Brewer RD, Siegel P, Sleet DA, Mokdad AH, Shults RA, Flowers N. Alcohol-impaired driving among U.S. adults, 1993-2002. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2005;28(4):346–350. [PubMed: 15831339]
Quinlan K, Shults RA, Rudd RA. Child passenger deaths involving alcohol-impaired drivers. Pediatrics. 2014;133(6):966–972. [PMC free article: PMC5751410] [PubMed: 24799550]
Rahav G, Wilsnack R, Bloomfield K, Gmel G, Kuntsche S. The influence of societal level factors on men's and women's alcohol consumption and alcohol problems. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2006;41(Suppl 1):i47–i55. [PubMed: 17030503]
Rammohan V, Hahn RA, Elder R, Brewer R, Fielding J, Naimi TS, Toomey TL, Chattopadhyay SK, Zometa C. Effects of dram shop liability and enhanced overservice law enforcement initiatives on excessive alcohol consumption and related harms: Two community guide systematic reviews. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2011;41(3):334–343. [PubMed: 21855749]
Redelmeier DA, Detsky AS. Clinical action against drunk driving. PLoS Medicine. 2017;14(2):e1002231. [PMC free article: PMC5308604] [PubMed: 28196075]
Rehm J, Lachenmeier DW, Llopis EJ, Imtiaz S, Anderson P. Evidence of reducing ethanol content in beverages to reduce harmful use of alcohol. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2016;1(1):78–83. [PubMed: 28404116]
Retting R. Pedestrian traffic fatalities by state: 2016 preliminary data. Washington, DC: Governors Highway Safety Association; 2017.
Rhoades E, Jernigan DH. Risky messages in alcohol advertising, 2003-2007: Results from content analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2013;52(1):116–121. [PubMed: 23260844]
Rickard BJ, Garg T, Costanigro M. Economic and social implications of regulating alcohol availability in grocery stores. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 2013;35(4):613–633.
Roche A, Kostadinov V, Fischer J, Nicholas R, O'Rourke K, Pidd K, Trifonoff A. Addressing inequities in alcohol consumption and related harms. Health Promotion International. 2015a;30(Suppl 2):ii20–ii35. [PubMed: 26420810]
Roche A, Kostadinov V, Fischer J, Nicholas R. Evidence review: The social determinants of inequities in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related health outcomes. Australian's National Research Centre on AOD Workforce Development and Flinders University; 2015b.
Romano E, Voas RB, Lacey JC. Alcohol and highway safety: Special report on race/ethnicity and impaired driving. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2010.
SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2014. (NSDUH series H-48). HHS publication 14-4863.
SAMHSA. Behavioral health trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 2015. [April 27, 2017]. (NSDUH series H-50). https://www
SAMHSA. Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed tables. 2016. [March 31, 2017]. https://www
Sanem JR, Erickson DJ, Rutledge PC, Lenk KM, Nelson TF, Jones-Webb R, Toomey TL. Association between alcohol-impaired driving enforcement-related strategies and alcohol-impaired driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2015;78:104–109. [PMC free article: PMC4390543] [PubMed: 25756846]
Sauber-Schatz EK, Ederer DJ, Dellinger AM, Baldwin GT. Vital signs: Motor vehicle injury prevention—United States and 19 comparison countries. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2016;65(26):672–677. [PubMed: 27388054]
Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Shoham D, Durazo R, Luke A, Volk ML. The epidemiology of cirrhosis in the United States: A population-based study. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2015;49(8):690–696. [PubMed: 25291348]
Schmidt LA, Mäkelä P, Rehm J, Room R. Alcohol: Equity and social determinants. In: Blas E, Kurup AS, editors. Equity, social determinants and public health programs. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
Schmidt S. PowerPoint presentation to the Committee on Accelerating Progress to Reduce Alcohol-Impaired Driving Fatalities. Washington, DC: Mar 22, 2017. 2017. [August 9, 2017]. http:
Schor EL. Adolescent alcohol use: social determinants and the case for early family-centered prevention. Family-focused prevention of adolescent drinking. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 1996;73(2):335–356. [PMC free article: PMC2359305] [PubMed: 8982525]
Schulenberg JE, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Miech RA, Patrick ME. Monitoring the future. National survey results on drug use, 1975-2016: Volume II, college students and adults ages 19-55. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; 2017.
Sivak M, Schoettle B. Recent diverging trends in the amount of urban and rural driving in the United States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Sustainable Worldwide Transportation; 2017.
Smith K, Foster J. Alcohol, health inequalities and the harm paradox: Why some groups face greater problems despite consuming less alcohol. London, UK: Institute of Alcohol Studies; 2014.
Strand MC, Gjerde H, Morland J. Driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs—An update. Part II: Experimental studies. Forensic Science Review. 2016;28(2):79–101. [PubMed: 27257716]
Striley CW, Khan SR. Review of the energy drink literature from 2013: Findings continue to support most risk from mixing with alcohol. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2014;27(4):263–268. [PubMed: 24852059]
Subramanian R. Geospatial analysis of rural motor vehicle traffic fatalities. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2009. Report No. DOT HS 811 196.
Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and cultural contexts of alcohol use: Influences in a socio-ecological framework. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews. 2016;38(1):35–45. [PMC free article: PMC4872611] [PubMed: 27159810]
TRB (Transportation Research Board). Emergency medical services response to motor vehicl crashes in rural areas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2013.
TRB. Between public and private mobility: Examining the rise of technology-enabled transportation services. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2016.
TRIP (The Road Improvement Program). Rural connections: Challenges and opportunities in America's heartland. Washington, DC: TRIP; 2017.
U.S. Census Bureau. 2010 census urban and rural classification and urban area criteria. 2010. [August 11, 2017]. https://www
Utah State Legislature. H.B. 155 driving under the influence and public safety revisions. 2017. [March 30, 2017]. http://le
Vaca FE, Romano E, Fell JC, Choo E. Female drivers increasingly involved in impaired driving crashes: Actions to ameliorate the risk. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2014;21(12):1485–1492. [PubMed: 25491711]
Voas RB, Lacey JC. Alcohol and highway safety: A review of the state of knowledge. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; 2011.
Vock DC. Rural states struggle to reduce road deaths. 2013. [October 2, 2017]. http://www
Wagenaar AC, Tobler AL, Komro KA. Effects of alcohol tax and price policies on morbidity and mortality: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health. 2010;100(11):2270–2278. [PMC free article: PMC2951962] [PubMed: 20864710]
Walker S, Higgs S, Terry P. Estimates of the absolute and relative strengths of diverse alcoholic drinks by young people. Substance Use & Misuse. 2016;51(13):1781–1789. [PubMed: 27556869]
Wechsler H, Nelson TF. What we have learned from the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study: Focusing attention on college student alcohol consumption and the environmental conditions that promote it. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2008;69(4):481–490. [PubMed: 18612562]
WHO (World Health Organization). Global status report on alcohol and health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2011.
WHO. Standard drink measures, in grams per unit. Data by country. 2014. [March 30, 2017]. http://apps
WHO. Global status report on road safety 2015. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2015a.
WHO. Report of the Second Technical Consultation on drug use and road safety. 16-17 December 2015. Mallorca, Spain: World Health Organization; 2015b.
WHO. Drug use and road safety. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016.
Williams AF, McCartt AT, Ferguson SA. Hardcore drinking drivers and other contributors to the alcohol-impaired driving problem: Need for a comprehensive approach. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2007;8(1):1–10. [PubMed: 17366330]
Wilsnack RW, Vogeltanz ND, Wilsnack SC, Harris TR. Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: Cross-cultural patterns. Addiction. 2000;95(2):251–265. [PubMed: 10723854]
Wilsnack RW, Wilsnack SC, Kristjanson AF, Vogeltanz-Holm ND, Gmel G. Gender and alcohol consumption: Patterns from the multinational GENACIS project. Addiction. 2009;104(9):1487–1500. [PMC free article: PMC2844334] [PubMed: 19686518]
Wilson FA, Stimpson JP. Trends in fatalities from distracted driving in the United States, 1999-2008. American Journal of Public Health. 2010;100(11):2213–2219. [PMC free article: PMC2951952] [PubMed: 20864709]
Wilson FA, Stimpson JP, Tibbits MK. The role of alcohol use on recent trends in distracted driving. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2013;60(November):189–192. [PubMed: 24076300]
Xuan Z, Blanchette JG, Nelson TF, Heeren TC, Nguyen TH, Naimi TS. Alcohol policies and impaired driving in the United States: Effects of driving- vs. drinking-oriented policies. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Use. 2015a;4(2):119–130. [PMC free article: PMC4768812] [PubMed: 26925185]
Xuan Z, Nguyen TH, Oussayef NL, Naimi TS, Blanchette JG, Naimi TS, Nelson TF, Hadland SE, Heeren TC. Youth drinking in the United States: Relationships with alcohol policies and adult drinking. Pediatrics. 2015b;136(1):18–27. [PMC free article: PMC4485013] [PubMed: 26034246]
Zaloshnja E, Miller TR, Hendrie D, Galvin D. Employer costs of alcohol-involved injuries. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 2007;50(2):136–142. [PubMed: 17187380]
Zaloshnja E, Miller TR, Blincoe LJ. Costs of alcohol-involved crashes, United States, 2010; Paper read at 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Conference; Quebec City, Canada. 2013.
Zhang L, Wieczorek WF, Welte JW. The link between early onset drinking and early onset alcohol-impaired driving in young males. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 2014;40(3):251–257. [PMC free article: PMC4094361] [PubMed: 24766089]
